阅写阅读教程3，教程4 paraphrase整理
作者：阳明学院 蔡思慧
作者简介：15级英语专业，曾获校口译大赛一等奖、校英语写作大赛二等奖，曾获省政府奖学金、校一等奖学金
笔记内容概述：本笔记针对阅写阅读教程3，教程4 期末考试中改写题型，为考试范围
阅读教程3
READING TO DEVELOP YOUR IDEAS BOOK 3 PARAPHRASE
Unit 1 Text 1 Page 6
1. Mum, renowned for her talents in kitchen, had taken it upon herself to prepare a simple, but delicious meal for no less than 150 guests.
My Mom is well-known for being good cook. She decided to cook a simple, but delicious meal for over 150 guests, though it was not necessarily her duty to do so.
2. Dad sat there as Mum ticked off her list of grievance against him.
Dad sat there as my Mom kept listing one after another her complaints about him.
3. He hadn’t eaten dinner yet, probably because making coffee was the extent of his skills in the kitchen.
Dad was not good at cooking at all and the only thing that he could do was to prepare a cup of coffee. And that’s probably why he hadn’t eaten dinner yet.
4. Both acts spoke volume.
My parents’ acts explicitly expressed the love they had for each other, with no reliance on words.
5. … he wondered what on earth he was getting himself into and nearly backed out…
He was not sure what he was heading for and he nearly gave up the idea of getting married.
Unit 2 Text 2 NO Paraphrasing
Unit 3 Text 2 Page 59
1. Before he could chide her, however, another player lightened the mood.
Before he (Sean) could scold her (Susan) for going against rules, another player responded jokingly.
2. Limping to it was out of the question.
Walking slowly and in difficulty to get to the telephone was just impossible.
3. Susan was listing to the right to relieve tingling numbness on her left side.
Susan was leaning on her right side so that the left side of her body would not hurt that much.
4. Debbie flipped a switch to listen in and started a computer log of the incident.
Debbie turned on a switch to listen to the conversation and started to put down the details of the incident on the computer.
5. Sean now relayed Amy’s request that Susan send her local emergency number.
Sean forwarded Amy’s request to Susan and asked her to send her local emergency telephone number.
6. “Hang on,” Sean typed, switching to shout mode himself.
“Hang on,” Sean typed these words in the computer and at the same time he shouted those words out himself.
7. I hope that girl doesn’t die while I’m on hold.
I hope that girl doesn’t die while I am being switched back and forth to get to the right people who can help her.
Unit 4 Text 3 Page 88
1. Smoking has been a sure-fire shortcut to oozing sex appeal, mystery, and style.
The characters in Hollywood movies are usually full of sex attraction, mystery, and style. And smoking can certainly help to project these traits easily.
2. So what do Australian filmmaker make of Eszterhas’ about-face and Hollywood’s use of cigarettes as sexy appendages?
So what do Australian filmmakers think of Eszterhas’ complete change of views and Hollywood’s way of using cigarettes as a tool to show sexuality?
3. He is a reformed smoker and a born-again Christian.
He is a smoker who quitted smoking and is now an enthusiastic Christian, who has gained his faith in Christ after claiming to have seen him in person.
4. … the militancy that informed his choice to put cigarettes in the hands of Hollywood movie stars is the same militancy that now inform his choice not to.
When he put cigarettes in the hands of Hollywood movie stars to show sex appeal, mystery, and style, he went to the extreme and used cigarettes this way whenever he wanted to. And now he wanted to stop film stars from smoking on the screen completely, he was going to another extreme—ignoring the fact that whether a character smokes or not should be decided by the character and the story.
5. I am not really in it for the good of humanity.
I don’t make movies just to sing about the good nature of human beings.
6. …when 60 Minutes replayed the offending shot after some complaints to its mailbag segment, it was deemed in breach because it was conscious of the error.
When 60 Minutes broadcasted the part that caused the problem a second time after receiving the complaints, it was clearly a breaking of the Act, for this time the error was committed knowingly.
Unit 5 Text 3 Page 112
1. We have, I think, a literary cottage industry that works well and pleasantly.
I think our family industry of writing has been going on very well.
2. I would hate to think that my work as a writer could not be done without direct dependence on strip-mined coal.
I really don’t like the idea that I couldn’t do my writing unless I use a computer and a printer.
3. How could I conscientiously write against the rape of nature if I were, in the act of acting, implicated in the rape?
I would not be able to write seriously and honestly against the distortion of nature, if my won writing itself is distorting the nature.
Unit 6 Text 3 Page 133
1. One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation is a blank stare that asks the question, “Since I don’t live in the tropics, what does it have to do with me?”
Some people may respond to others’ worry about the loss of topical forests with a look of indifference as if saying “it does not affect me as I am not living in the tropical areas.”
2. Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest the size of ten city blocks vanishes
If we look at the processes and states of the tropical forests, we see that we are losing the world’s richest regions at the rate of an area of tropical forests as large as ten city blocks every minute.
3. As many as five million species of plants, animals, and insects (40 to 50 percent of all living things) live there, and are being irrevocably lost faster than they can be found and described.
Five million species of plants, animals and insects (that is almost up to 40 to 50% of all living things in the world) live in the tropical forests and they disappear forever before people discover them, get to know them and tell others about their use.
4. But scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late.
But scientists want to raise the alarm that it will be 20 years too late to do anything to save the forests when we finally become aware of the detrimental effects of the loss of tropical forests.
5. Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday life? We only have to look at the tiny quantity of inventoried tropical forests and the abundance of wondrous products from which we benefit every day to know the answer.
Will the disappearance and removal of tropical rainforests do harm to our daily life? The fact that we have very limited areas of tropical forests but receive lots of benefits from the rich and impressive products made out of them already provides an answer to this question.
Unit 7 Text 3 Page 161
1. But the next night you’re right back there, hoping against hope for satisfying content, never really learning from experience, another night is shot.
But the next night you will still be there (watching TV), continuing to hope for good TV programs even when it is unlikely to get them. You never learn from your past experience, and another night is wasted.
2. Reading requires a process called decoding, which causes a slowdown in the information taken in by the user.
Reading requires a process in which you try to discover the meaning of a complicated message, and this process requires the reader to slow down and digest the information.
3. Despite the lack of quality content, the visual medium is so compelling that it attracts the vast majority of adults each day to a progression of shows that most of these people would ignore in printed form.
Although there is no satisfying content on TV, it is still extremely interesting or exciting so that it attracts most adults every day to watch shows after shows. Most of this content will not be read at all if it is in print.
4. I don’t deny that in some rare time periods, “least objectionable” is actually most satisfying, but the bulk of the time people are viewing programs they don’t particularly consider good, and that is why the medium is so powerful and rich.
I have to admit that in some rare moments, the “least unpleasant” TV content is considered most satisfying, but most of the time people are watching programs that they do not consider good. That explains why the medium has immense power over people and earns big money.
Unit 8 Text 1 Page 175
1. Attempts to define genuine love are as old as mankind, for the inadequacies of his relations with his fellowmen have plagued man since the dawn of conscience.
Man has been trying to explain what genuine love is ever since mankind came into being. Man has been troubled by problems in his relationship with other men ever since he was able to tell what is right or wrong.
2. It is grounded in the faith that one’s love will be reciprocated, ultimately, if not at first, because it will transform and purify him who is the object of such love.
It is strongly believed that one’s love will finally be returned (if not at the very beginning) as loving someone will change the person being loved and make him a better person.
3. … they are ends in themselves and not means to others’ ends.
The people we love are our goal. They are not to be used or exploited to achieve our other goals.
4. What happens when one of the two’s capacity of mutuality is exhausted, when one does not have as much to give in return?
What happens if one of the two people in love stops loving the other one or one is not able to give as much love to the other person as he/she receives from him/her?
5. They make up a totality which cannot be separated into self-contained components.
Physical and spiritual love are closely connected and are not separable.
6. From a philosophical standpoint love falls in the category of a universal, not a particular.
If we take a philosophical perspective, love should be extended to all people in the world, rather than to particular people.
阅读教程4
READING TO DEVELOP YOUR IDEAS BOOK 4 PARAPHRASE
Unit 1 Text 2 NO Paraphrasing
Unit 2 Text 2 Page 37
1. It’s time to reap the rewards, to count up the ways we’re benefiting from his death.
Now we can enjoy the benefits and list in what ways we benefit from his death.
2. There must be some other benefit to having strapped Harding into a chair in a tiny room and filled the space with poison gas.
There must be some other benefit by fastening Harding into a chair in a small room and poisoning him to death with gas.
3. Not even those who foam at the mouth at the thought of executing people, like high-profile proponent Arizona Attorney Grant Woods, believe the death penalty is a deterrent.
Not even people who are eloquently in support of executing people, such as Arizona Attorney Grant Woods, who attracts a lot of public attention, believe that the death penalty will keep people from committing crimes.
4. A little death goes a long way.
But even killing a small number of murderers will have great impact on people.
5. Maybe the benefit we got from killing Harding is less tangible.
Perhaps the benefit we got from killing Harding is not easy to see.
Unit 3 Text 4 Page 76
1. That day my husband Jim, his press secretary, also became a statistic in American handgun war.
That day my husband Jim Brady---the press secretary of Ronald Reagan, was (permanently crippled by the assassin’s bullet and therefore) added to the list if the victims of American handgun war.
2. And Congress votes itself a pay rise.
Under this circumstance, Congress votes for a salary increase for all the congressmen.
3. It counts on public anger to fade before such outrage can be directed at legislation.
The National Rifle Association expects the public to appease their anger so that there would be no more anger directed at the policymakers.
4. Neither is the nation’s law-enforcement community, the men and women who put their lives on the line for the rest of us every day.
Like me, people in the nation who make sure that laws are obeyed, who put their lives in danger for us every day, are not willing to hand a handgun to another assassin like John Hinckley.
5. Jim Brady knows the importance of a waiting period. He knows the living hell of a gunshot wound.
Jim Brady knows it is important to have a waiting period (for people who apply for purchasing guns). He knows that as he is living through the agony and suffering of his gun wound.
Unit 4 Text 2 Page 93
1. He refused and predicted that someday I would appreciate the unwisdom of my request.
The doctor turned down my request of discontinuing the life-supporting service and said that someday I would understand the request was not wise.
2. My experience can be and has been cited as an argument against honoring requests of stricken patients to be gently eased out of their pain and life.
Some can and have cited my experience to argue that it is unwise to grant the request of a critically ill person who wants to discontinue all life-supporting services and die.
3. I dread imposing on my family and friends another grim round of misery similar to the one my first attack occasioned.
I am scared that I would suffer from another heart attack or stroke and make my family and friends suffer what they suffered during my first attack.
4. Nevertheless, to visit another prolonged spell of helpless suffering on them as my life ebbs away, or even worse, if I linger on into a comatose senility, seems altogether gratuitous.
However, it is unnecessary and very upsetting to make my family suffer again for a period of time when I am dying, or even worse, when I remain alive but turn to a vegetable.
5. To some extent, my views reflect what I have seen happen to the aged and stricken who have been unfortunate as to survive crippling paralysis.
In a way, my views reflect the reality of those old and sick people who, unfortunately, have survived after serious paralysis.
Unit 5 Text 2 Page 115
1. You knew that a person had conquered his own narcissistic problems when he could enjoy competing in a hobby where he did not possess great talent.
You knew that one had healthy self-esteem when he/she could enjoy competing in a hobby which he/she was not very good at.
2. To truly compete, you must enter a contest knowing that you could either achieve your goal or fall short.
A true competition is one in which you don't know for sure whether or not you’ll be able to achieve your aim.
3. For many of us, competition is an extra spice that keeps life interesting, keeps us on our toes, and stimulates us to greater creativity and productivity.
For many of us, competition is an additional ingredient that keeps our life interesting, making us alert and achieve, and enable us to become more creative and productive.
4. It can become a pervasive lifestyle.
It can become a part of our life and exerts considerable influence on how we live.
5. Parents must also model graceful striving, winning and losing in their own lives.
Parents must also set an example of how to compete pleasantly in their own lives.
Unit 6 Text 1 Page 135
1. Which may help to explain why the hostility that usually accompanies news on the cloning front was almost drowned out last week by the sound of the press corps cooing on cue.
News about cloning breakthrough is usually reported disapprovingly, yet on the arrival of cc last week these disapproving voices could hardly be heard --- they were covered up by a chorus of gentle and loving reports from the press corps, who were charmed by cc’s cuteness.
2. She lays bare the emotional subtext that has so far been missing in the great clone debate.
So far in the clone debate the emotional aspect has been largely overlooked, yet the arrival of cc brings it into focus.
3. And so it was last week that a debate that began in 1997 with the cloning of Dolly the sheep took on a new urgency.
With the arrival of cc last week, the cloning debate, that began in 1997 when Dolly was cloned, become heated and important again.
4. The Texas lab’s 1-in87 success rate is typical of cloning work, which can produce dozens of dead embryos for every living one.
The Texas lab’s success rate is as low as 1 out of 87, but it is not surprising or uncommon in cloning work. Generally, one successful clone means dozens of dead embryos in the lab.
5. Temperament too is a toss-up, since it’s hard to tease out how much of an animal’s personality is genetically scripted and how much is shaped by environment.
It’s hard to say how much of an animal’s personality is genetically written and how much is decided by environment, so temperament of a cloned pet is also a matter of chance.
6. They view cc as an ethical dry run for human cloning, and they are troubled by how the rehearsal is going.
They regard cc as a test of how much people may tolerate human cloning ethically, and they worry because this trial experiment has been received so well.
Unit 7 Text 2 Page 163
1. Humanity would enter a new age of fulfillment.
Mankind will enter a new era where everyone will be satisfied and happy because everyone can be prosperous.
2. But now I know that nuclear weapons are monstrous instruments that threaten to obliterate life on our beautiful planet.
But now I know that nuclear weapons are terrible and frightening instruments that can completely wipe out all forms of life on Planet Earth.
3. But I did not fully understand that the very existence of such weapons constituted an unbearable peril.
I did not see clearly that having nuclear weapons around brought such great danger to humankind and that this cannot be tolerated.
4. …requiring the phased elimination of all nuclear weapons, with provision for effective verification and enforcement.
…requiring countries to get rid of their nuclear weapons gradually in stages, including workable arrangements to confirm that this has been done, and make sure that the rules have been obeyed.
5. I urge everyone to call for their abolition, as I do now.
I strongly advise that everyone make demands to the authorities to completely get rid of all nuclear weapons.
Unit 8 Text 1 Page 183
1. Genes, DNA and genetic engineering make news headlines.
Because of their potential significance to human beings, genes, DNA, and genetic engineering are usually reported in the newspaper or on radio and television.
2. Until the 1950s, traditional biotechnology was a pretty imprecise and time-consuming affair.
Until the 1950s, traditional practices in biotechnology normally took a lot of time, yet the results were not always accurate and clear.
3. Each gene acts as a set of instructions coded with the genetic information which gives all living things their particular characteristics.
Each gene functions with the specific genetic information coded inside, and it’s the genetic information that makes all living things what they are.
4. The aim of today’s gene technologist is to introduce, enhance or delete particular characteristics of a living thing, depending on whether they are considered desirable or undesirable.
If a living thing has a desirable feature, the gene technologist would reveal and strengthen it. If the feature is undesirable, the gene technologist would try to remove it. This is what today’s gene technologist aims to do.
5. In medicine, for example, “gene therapy” may give us treatments for those diseases attributed, in part, to a person’s genetic makeup.
Gene technology, when applied in medicine, can help treat diseases partially caused by one’s genetic structure.
