作者：系15级阳明班 华逸聪
作者简介：大三英语专业，专业排名前五，专四成绩优秀，四级651分，六级592分。曾获省政府奖学金、特等奖学金、三好学生等。翻译名篇批评与赏析94分。
笔记内容概述：此篇笔记整理了老师上课所教授的所有文章的原文理解（标红部分），尤其是与现代单词意思相差较远的词汇。记住这些以后，可以以这个意思为尺度去衡量各种译文的不恰当之处，比较容易举一反三。
一、 Of Studies
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
Serve for：起…作用
Delight：被用作娱乐
Ornament：装饰
学问是为了娱乐、装饰和增长才干。
2. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
Privateness：幽僻
Retiring：离群索居
Discourse：谈话
Disposition：处理
在娱乐上学问的主要用途是幽居养静；在装饰上学问的主要用途是高谈阔论；在长才上学文的用处是对事物的判断和处理。
3. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
Expert men：经验丰富的人
Execute：实行
Particulars：个别问题
Counsels:议论
Plots：计划
Marshalling：布置
因为富于经验的人善于实行，也许能够对个别的事情一件一件地加以判断；但是最好的有关大体的议论和对事务的计划与布置，乃是从有学问的人来的。
4. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar.
Sloth：懒散
Affection：虚伪
Humor：怪癖
Scholar：学究
在学问上费时过多是倦怠，把学问过于用作装饰是虚伪，完全按照学问的规则来判断，是学究的怪癖。
5. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.
Nature：造化
Pruning：修剪
Too much at large：漫无边际
Except：unless
Bounded：限制
学问完善造化，又为经验所完善。因为自然的才干就像自然的花木，研习犹如修剪，而书中所示往往漫无边际，必须用经验来限定。
6. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use, but that is awisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
Crafty men：有手艺的人
Simple men：头脑简单的人
Without：outside
能工巧匠鄙夷学问，头脑简单的人羡慕学问，明智的人使用学问。因为学问本身不教人如何运用。它是一种在学问之外，超越学问之上的一种智慧，是靠观察体会得到的。
7. Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.
Contradict：辨是非
Confute：驳斥
Find talk and discourse：寻章摘句
Weigh：掂量
Consider：思考
读书，不要诘难原作者，不可尽信书上所言，不要寻章摘句，而应掂量寻思。
8. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.
9. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others, but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Deputy:代理人
Extracts：摘要
Would be ：ought to be
Argument：话题
Meaner：次要的种类
Flashy：淡而无味
书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限次要的话题和次要的书籍，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。
10. Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.
Maketh：makes
读书造就了满腹经纶的人，商讨造就一个随时准备的人，写作造就了一个严谨的人。
11. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.
Confer：商谈
Had need have：应该有
Present：应急的
Cunning：为人狡黠
That：what
因此，如果一个人写得很少，那么他就必须有很好的记性；如果他很少与人会谈，那么他必须有很敏捷的机智；并且假如他读书读得很少的话，那么他必须为人狡黠，才可以假装知道不知道的东西。
12. Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.
Witty：美妙
Subtle：深微
Grave：庄重
Logic：名学
Content：求真
使人明智，诗歌使人美妙，数学使人深微，自然哲学使人深刻，名学与修辞使人求真。总之：腹有诗书气自华。
13. Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies, like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.
Nay：no
Stond：阻挠
Wit：心智
Wrought out：worked out
Like as：如同
人的才智但凡有滞碍，无不可借适当之书使之顺畅；一如身体百病皆可借相宜之运动除之。
14. Bowling is good for the stone and reins, shooting for the lungs and breast, gentle walking for the stomach, riding for the head, and the like.
Bowling：滚球
Riding：骑术
滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
15. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen, for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.
Wandering：不集中
Called away：让…分心
Never: ever
Schoolmen：经院哲学
Cymini sectores：吹毛求疵的人
Beat over：处理
因此，如果一个人智力不集中，可让他学数学，因为在数学的演算之中，如果他的精神稍有不专，他就非从头再做不可。如果他的智力不善于辨别异同，那么他最好研究经院哲学的著作，因为这一派的学者是最条分缕析的人。如果他不善于用一物阐述另一物，可让他读律师的案卷。因此心智中凡有缺陷，都有特殊的药方可医。
二、 Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed.
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
Thee：你
Summer：春天
Thou：你
Art：are
Temperate：温和
Rough：狂暴的
Buds：花蕾
Lease：租期
Hath：has
Complexion：肤色
Fair：美好的事物
Untrimm’d：不修饰，摧残
Owest：own
Brag：吹嘘
Lines：诗
三、 Ode to the West Wind
1、
O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being
Breath：气息
Being：生命的气息
狂野的秋风啊，呼吸着秋天
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Unseen presence：看不见的存在
Leaves dead：败叶
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Ghosts：精神、灵魂
Enchanter：符咒
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Hectic red：猩红
Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou
Pestilence-stricken：感染瘟疫
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
Chariotest：用战车运载
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Winged seeds：长了翅膀的种子
Low：土壤
Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
Thine：你的
Azure：蔚蓝的
Sister of the spring：春风
Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
驱送香甜的花蕾就如同牧羊人驱送羊群到野外吃草。
With living hues and odors plain and hill:
Hues：颜色
Odors：气味
Plain：平原
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh, hear!
Wild spirit：狂野的精灵啊
2 、
Thou on whose stream, 'mid the steep sky's commotion,
Stream：stream of wind
Mid：amid
Steep sky：陡峭的天岸
Commotion：暴乱
Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
Loose clouds：一片片的云
Shed：被吹动
Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean：天地大树的纵横交错的枝叶
Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread
On the blue surface of thine airy surge,
Airy surge：气的巨浪
Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
Maenad：酒神的女祭司
Verge：岸
Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
Zenith：顶峰
The locks of the approaching storm. Thou Dirge
Locks：绺
Dirge：挽歌
Of the dying year, to which this closing night
Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
Dome：穹顶
Sepulcher：坟墓
Vaulted with all thy congregated might
Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
Black rain and fire and hail will burst :O hear!
Atmosphere：漫天的
Fire：电火
Hail：冰雹
3 、
Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
Didst waken：吹醒
The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
He：地中海或地中海的海神
Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams
Lulled：用摇篮曲使睡着
Coil：涟漪
Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
Pumice isle：浮石岛
Baiae’s bay：贝伊湾
And saw in sleep old palaces and fowers
Quivering within the eave's intenser day,
All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
Overgrown：长满
Flowers：晚霞
So sweet, the sense faints picturing them!Thou
For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
For：因为
Level powers：平静的洋流
Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
Cleave：劈开
Chasms：缝
The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
Sea-blooms：海花
Oozy：渗水的
Wear：生长
The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
Sapless foliage：无汁的叶子
Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
And tremble and despoil themselves: oh, hear!
Despoil：自动掉落
4 、
If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee:
A wave to pant beneath thy power , and share
但愿我是一片你可以承受的落叶
但愿我是一朵云和你一起飞翔
但愿我是一朵浪
和你的脉搏一起跳动
The impulse of thy strength, only less free
Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
I were as in my boyhood, and could be
The comrade of thy wanderigs over Heaven,
As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
Outstrip thy skiey speed：赶上你的天空的速度
Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
我从没想到能和你一起奋斗，乞求理想世界的到来
Oh, lift me as a wave , a leaf, a cloud!
I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
我跌落在人生的荆棘丛中
A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed
Hours：时刻、政治局面
Chained：束缚
One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
Tameless：狂野的
5 、
Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
Lyre：竖琴
把我当竖琴吧，有如森林
What if my leavers are falling like its own!
The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
Tumult：乱，各种乐器的合奏
Harmonies：和声
Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
Autumnal tone：商乐
Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
Be thou me:让你成为我吧
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!
And , by the incantation of this verse,
Incantation：吟唱
Scatter, is from an extinguished hearth
Extinguished hearth：熄灭的火炉
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawakened earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
trumpet of a prophecy：预言的号角
If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind?
四、 The Isles of Greece
1
The isles of Greece, the Isles of Greece!
Where burning Sappho loved and sung,
Burning：热情的
Sappho：古希腊女诗人
Where grew the arts of war and peace,
Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung!
Rose：崛起
Phoebus：阿波罗
Sprung：跃出海浪
Eternal summer gilds them yet,
But all, except their sun, is set.
现在除了太阳以外，其余事物已没有光芒
2
The Scian and the Teian muse,
The hero's harp, the lover's lute,
Harp：哈普琴
Lure：鲁特琴
Have found the fame your shores refuse;
Shores refuse：暗指希腊再无英雄、诗人、文艺女神
Their place of birth alone is mute
Mute：喑哑
To sounds which echo further west
Further west：西欧的文艺复兴使希腊文明强大
Than your sires' 'Islands of the Blest.'
3
The mountains look on Marathon —
Marathon：雅典外的一个平原
And Marathon looks on the sea;
And musing there an hour alone,
沉思片刻
I dream'd that Greece might still be free;
For standing on the Persians' grave,
Persian’s grave：埋葬了阿拉伯人的坟墓
I could not deem myself a slave.
4
A king sate on the rocky brow
King：波斯国王大流士
Rocky brow：点将台
Which looks o'er sea-born Salamis;
Sea-born：大海旁边
And ships, by thousands, lay below,
Ships：战舰
成千的舰船在岩石下
And men in nations; — all were his!
所有的将士都是他的部下
He counted them at break of day —
At break of day：早晨
And when the sun set where were they?
5
And where are they? and where art thou,
土耳其人兵临城下，希腊人民在哪儿？
My country? On thy voiceless shore
在你没有声音的海岸
The heroic lay is tuneless now —
Heroic lay：英雄赞歌
Tuneless：没有调
英雄的战歌现在已经跑调
The heroic bosom beats no more!
英雄的胸膛也没有心跳
And must thy lyre, so long divine,
Degenerate into hands like mine?
神圣的竖琴现在传到我这个凡人手里
6
'Tis something, in the dearth of fame,
这是一个耻辱
Though link'd among a fetter'd race,
Fetter’d race：被锁上枷锁的民族
To feel at least a patriot's shame,
Even as I sing, suffuse my face;
Suffuse my face：给了我极大的面子
For what is left the poet here?
For Greeks a blush — for Greece a tear.
为希腊人含羞，为希腊人落泪
五、 Stopping by woods on a Snowy Evening
Whose woods these are I think I know
这是谁家的林子，我认为，我知道
.His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer
Little：可爱的
Queer：奇怪
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.
在一年最黑暗的时候停下
He hives his harness bells a shake
小马抖动脖铃
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Sweep：席卷
Of easy wind and downy flake.
Easy：轻松安逸的
Downy：鹅绒
Flake：雪片
The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
Sleep：象征死亡
And miles to go before I sleep.
六、I Wandered Lonely as A Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
Vales:溪谷
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host of golden daffodils;
Host：簇
Daffodils：水仙花
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Fluttering：飘动
Continuous as the stars that shine
Continuous：绵延不断
And twinkle on the Milky Way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
Tossing：摇荡
The waves beside them danced, but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
Glee：快乐
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
Jocund：快活的
I gazed -and gazed -but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
Show：景致
For oft, when on my couch I lie
Oft：常常
Couch：睡椅
In vacant or in pensive mood,
Pensive：沉思的
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
Bliss：极乐
Solitude：隐居
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
六、 Nature’s First Green Is Gold
Nature's first green is gold
大自然的第一抹新绿是金
Her hardest hue to hold.
也是她最无力保留的颜色
Her early leaf's a flower;
她初发的叶子如同一朵花
But only so an hour.
然而只能持续一刹那
Then leaf subsides to leaf.
随之新叶沦为旧叶
So Eden sank to grief,
由是伊甸园陷入忧伤悲切
So dawn goes down to day.
破晓延续至白昼
Nothing gold can stay.
宝贵如金之物岁月难保留
