作者：系15级阳明班 华逸聪
作者简介：大三英语专业，专业排名前五，专四成绩优秀，四级651分，六级592分。曾获省政府奖学金、特等奖学金、三好学生等。
笔记内容概述：高级英语笔记较多，因此复习书本耗时耗力。此篇笔记整理出了所上单元的修辞手段并用下划线标注出了依据。最后附有重点句和难句的句型转换。这两部分都是期末考所要考的重点题型。
修辞
Lesson 1
1. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way(onomatopoeia)
2. You pass from the heat and glare of a big… into a cool dark cavern (metaphor)
3. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on (onomatopoeia)
4. innumerable lamps (hyperbole)
5 . ...lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets (metaphor)
6. Ancient girders creak and groan (repetition)
7. taut and protesting(allusion)
8. squeaking and rumbling of the grinding wheels and the occasional grunts…(onomatopoeia)
Lesson 2
1. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of… (repetition)
2…. was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial… (contrast)
3. Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question)
4. whose door popped open(onomatopoeia)
5. We set off at top speed through the narrow streets (contrast)
6. the taxi screeched to a halt(onomatopoeia)
7. At last, this intermezzo came to an end.(metaphor)
8. incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt(mytonymy)
9. the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the…, and I was again crushed(repetition)
10. …where thousands upon thousands of people…where thousands upon thousands…(parallelism)
11. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm (mytonymy)
12. They have been testing and treating me. (alliteration)
13. each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares(euphemism)
14. congratulate myself on the good fortune my illness has brought me…thanks to it, I have the opportunity…(irony)
15. …a town known throughout the world for its- oyster.(anti-climax)
16. the livelist city in Japan(irony)
Lesson 5
1. the news was brought to me of Hitler’s invasion of Russia.(periodic sentence)
2. I asked that notice should immediately be given that I would…（periodic sentence）
3. this was not bowing down in the house of Rimmon.(allusion, metaphor)
4. If Hitler invaded Hell, I would make at least…(metaphor)
5. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold (metaphor)
6. I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine(periodic sentence)
7. with its clanking, heel-clicking (onomatopoeia)
8. its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down(alliteration)
9. plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts (simile)
10. to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey(metaphor)
11. Behind all this glare, behind all this storm (parallelism)
12. and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind(metaphor)
13. for we must speak out now at once(repetition)
14. but can you doubt what our policy will be?(rhetorical question)
15. We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose (repetition)
16. From this nothing will turn us- nothing. (inversion, repetition)
17. we have rid the earth of this shadow and liberated…(metaphor)
18. Any man or state who fights on against…. Any man or state who marches with…(antithesis)
19. but this I will say (inversion)
20. if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia… he iw woefully mistaken.(periodic sentence)
21. This is no time to moralise on the follies… they could have saved themselves…(contrast)
22. The past, with its crimes, its follies… flashes away. (periodic sentence)
23. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. (periodic sentence)
24. We will never parley, we will never negotiate. (parallelism, repetition)
25. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea (parallelism)
26. behind all this glare, behind all this storm… (parallelism)
27. This is our policy, that is our declaration
We shall be fortified, we shall be strengthened…
Let us learn the lessons…, let us redouble our exertions…(parallelism)
28. He have so long thrived and prospered (repetition)
Lesson 9
1. Mark Twain- Mirror of America (metaphor)
2. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck (metaphor)
3. through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer(hyperbole)
4. who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night(metaphor)
5. main artery of transportation… heart of…(metaphor)
6. Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857. (metaphor)
7. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession (alliteration)
8. a cosmos(metaphor)
9. the main current of pioneering humanity, but its floatsam of hustlers, gamblers and thugs as well(contrast)
10. of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are(antithesis)
11. he flirted with the colossal wealth(metaphor)
12. Mark Twain began digging his way (metaphor)
13. his pen would prove mightier than his pickax(mytonomy)
14. for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained, sloths stayed at home (alliteration)
15.a recklessness of cost or consequence(alliteration)
16. which she bears unto this day,… the grave would smiles as usual(personification)
17. Tom’s mischievous, daring, ingenuity and the sweet innocence of his affection for…(synecdoche)
18. if we could only lay ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges(metaphor)
19. a crushing sense of despair on men’s final release from earthly struggles(euphemism)
20. they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence(parallelism)
21. succumbe to the epidemic of gold and silver fever(metaphor)
22. Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles
23. with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness (alliteration)
24 Scattered among notations about the weather…lies an entry (invertion)
25. America laughed with him (personification, hyperbole)
26. Bitterness fed on the man who had…(personification)
Paraphrase
Lesson 1
1. Little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people.
Little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another.
2. Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market.
Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappears, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.
3. They narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.
They drop some of items that they don’t really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.
4. He will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining.
He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.
5. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.
As you get near, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.
Lesson 2
1. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them.
They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.
2. The cab drive’s door popped open at the very sight of a traveler.
As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.
3. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.
The traditional floating house among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.
4. I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.
I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks.
5. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.
The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.
6. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.
After three days in Japan, one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude.
7. I was about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of sad reverie.
I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant. His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking.
8. I thought somehow I had been spared.
I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me.
Lesson 5
1. Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the USA.
Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S. the support of those who were enemies of communism.
2. Winant said the same would be true of USA.
Winant said the United States would adopt the same attitude.
3. My life is much simplified thereby.
In this way, my life is made much easier in this case. It will be much easier for me to decide on my attitude towards events.
4. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.
I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, who, after suffering severe losses in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.
5. We shall be strengthened not weakened in determination and in resources.
We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resources.
6. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain.
Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.
7. I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.
Whether he was not renouncing his previous attitude towards communism.
8. If Hitler invaded Hell, I would make…
I would say a word in favor of anyone who is attacked by Hitler, no matter how bad, how wicked or evil he had been in the past.
Lesson 6
1. The house detective’s piggy eyes surveyed her sardonically from his gross jowled face.
The house detective’s small narrow eyes looked her up and down scornfully from his fat face with a heavy jowl.
2. Pretty neat set-up you folks got.
This is a pretty nice room that you have got.
3. The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.
The fat body shook in a chuckle because the man was enjoying the fact that he could afford to do whatever he liked and also he was appreciating the fact that the Duchess knew why he had come.
4. He lowered the level of his incongruous falsetto voice.
He had an unnaturally high-pitched voice. When he spoke now, he lowered the pitch.
5. The words spat forth with sudden savagery, all pretense of blandness gone.
Ogilvie spat out the words, throwing away his politeness that he pretended to have.
6. The Duchess of Croydon - three centuries and a half of inbred arrogance behind her - did not yield easily.
The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from parents of noble families with a history of three centuries and a half. She wouldn’t give up easily.
7. “It is no go, old girl. I’m afraid. It was a good try.”
It’s no use. What you did just now was a good attempt at trying to save the situation.
8. “That’s more like it,” Ogilvie said. He lit the fresh cigar, “Now we’re getting somewhere.”
“That’s more acceptable,” Ogilvie said. He lit another cigar, “Now we’re making some progress.”
9. His eyes sardonically on the Duchess as if challenging her objection.
He looked at the Duchess sardonically as if he wanted to see if she dared to object to his smoking.
10. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly.
The house detective made noises with his tongue to show his disapproval.
11. They’ll throw the book and never mind who it hits.
They deal out the maximum in punishment to apply the full force of law and they will not care who will be punished in this case.
12. as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itself.
as if the discussion were about some important domestic matter, not concerned with life and death.
13. When you were playing the highest stakes, you made the highest bid.
You had to pay the highest price when your reputation and career were at stake.
Lesson 9
1. A man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race.
a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral weaknesses of mankind
2. Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.
Mark Twain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then introduced it to the world in his books or lectures.
3. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied - a cosmos.
In his new profession he could meet people of all kinds.
4. Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise.
With no money and a frustrated feeling, he accepted a job as reporter with Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City.
5. Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.
Mark Twain began working hard to become well-known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist.
6. “and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world smiles as usual, and says ,’well, that is California all over.’”
And when California makes a plan for a new surprise, the solemn people in other states of the U.S. smile as usual, making a comment “that’s typical of California.”
7. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.
The man who had made the world laugh was himself consumed by bitterness.
